Izindaba - Yimaphi Amapharamitha Adinga Ukuqapha Emanzini Angcolile Asekhaya?

https://www.boquinstruments.com/news/what-parameters-require-monitoring-in-domestic-wastewater/

Amanzi angcolile asekhaya abhekisela emanzini asetshenzisiwe akhiqizwa emisebenzini yokuhlala neyomphakathi, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwezindlu, amafulethi, izikole, izibhedlela, nezindawo zebhizinisi. Ngokuvamile aqukethe amanzi angcolile (isb., avela ekugezeni, ekuwasheni, nasezinkini zasekhishini) kanye namanzi amnyama (isb., ukungcola kwendlu yangasese), futhi aqukethe ingxube eyinkimbinkimbi yezinto eziphilayo, izakhamzimba, amagciwane abangela izifo, izinto eziqinile ezilengisiwe, kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa abantu. Umthwalo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo usekela ukwanda okusheshayo kwamagciwane namagciwane; uma ekhishwa engalashwa, ubeka izingozi ezinkulu - okuhlanganisa ukudluliselwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amanzi - ngaleyo ndlela usongela impilo yomphakathi kanye nobuqotho bemvelo. Le nselele inzima kakhulu emazweni anengeniso ephansi nephakathi nendawo, lapho ingqalasizinda enganele ivame ukuholela ekukhishweni ngqo kwamanzi angcolile angalashwanga, okwandisa ukuwohloka kwemvelo kanye nemithwalo yempilo yomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwelashwa okuqinile ngaphambi kokukhishwa kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda: amazwe anengeniso ephezulu ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinhlelo zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe, ezinezigaba eziningi ngokuqapha okuqinile kokulawula, kuyilapho amazwe amaningi asathuthuka ebhekene nemingcele efanayo emandleni obuchwepheshe, izinsiza zezimali, kanye nezinhlaka zezikhungo. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa, ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kwamanzi amdaka—ngokusebenzisa imingcele yokuhlaziya ejwayelekile—kubalulekile ekwakheni amasu okwelapha afanele, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwenqubo, kanye nokwazisa izinqubomgomo zokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi ezisekelwe ebufakazini emhlabeni jikelele.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/online-uv-cod-bod-toc-sensor-product/

Phakathi kwemingcele ebalulekile, i-ammonia nitrogen (NH₃–N) ifanele ukuqalwa kakhulu. Imele inani eliphelele le-ammonia yamahhala encibilikisiwe (NH₃) kanye nama-ion e-ammonium (NH₄⁺), ikakhulukazi avela endle yabantu kanye nezinto zokuhlanza eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Amazinga aphezulu e-NH₃–N anegalelo ekukhuleni kwe-eutrophication, evuselela izimbali ze-algal eziqeda umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe futhi ziphazamise ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ammonia engaxutshiwe inobuthi obukhulu ezinhlanzini nasezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini ezizwelayo, okungase kuphazamise isakhiwo nomsebenzi we-ecosystem. Emazweni anemali engenayo ephezulu, i-NH₃–N iqashwa njalo ngaphansi kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi kazwelonke kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlaziya eziqinisekisiwe (isb., i-colorimetry noma ama-electrode akhetha i-ion), okwenza kube lula ukulawula ukungcola okusebenzayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuqapha izikhala kuyaqhubeka ezindaweni eziningi ezisathuthuka ngenxa yokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kumathuluzi alinganisiwe, abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe, kanye nezinqubo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo—ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikhula ngokushesha emadolobheni lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi amdaka kudlula khona ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda. Ngakho-ke, i-NH₃–N isebenza njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sobucayi bokungcola kanye nesilinganiso esibalulekile sokuhlola ingozi yemvelo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.

I-pH ingenye ipharamitha eyisisekelo edinga ukuhlolwa okuhlelekile. Ichazwa njenge-logarithm engemihle yomsebenzi we-hydrogen ion, i-pH ibonisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yamanzi angcolile futhi ngokuvamile iphakathi kuka-6.5 no-8.5 emithonjeni yasekhaya, ethonywe yizinsipho, imfucuza yokudla, kanye nokukhishwa kwezimboni okuhlangene. Ukuphambuka ngaphandle kwalolu hlu kungavimbela izinqubo zokwelapha zebhayoloji (isb. i-nitrification), ukugqwala ingqalasizinda yokuhambisa, futhi kuthinte kabi i-biota yasemanzini. Isikhathi sangempelaukuqapha i-pHkwenza kube lula ukwenza ngcono imisebenzi yokwelapha—njengokulinganisa amakhemikhali kanye nokulawula umoya—ezindaweni zabantu abahola kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulinganiswa kwe-pH okungavamile noma okungekho njalo kuhlala kuvamile ezimweni ezincishisiwe izinsiza, okufaka isandla ekhwalithini yokungcola engaguquki. Ngakho-ke, idatha ye-pH ethembekile ayisekeli nje kuphela ukuthobela imithetho yendawo kodwa futhi isekela izinhloso ezibanzi zokuphepha kwamanzi anqamula imingcele kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanzeka ezimelana nesimo sezulu.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/new-online-phorp-meter-product/

Ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen (DO) encibilikisiwe kubaluleke ngokulinganayo, ikakhulukazi emanzini atholayo kanye namayunithi okwelapha nge-aerobic. I-DO ibonisa amandla emizimba yamanzi okugcina umsebenzi we-aerobic microbial kanye nokuzihlanza ngokwayo ukungcola okungokwemvelo. Amazinga aphansi e-DO abonisa ukuncipha kwe-oxygen—okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomthwalo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo—futhi angabangela izimo ze-hypoxic noma ze-anoxic ezilimaza impilo yasemanzini. Ngenkathi i-DO ingalinganiswa kaningi *emanzini angcolile asekhaya angaphekiwe* (okuvame ukuba yi-anaerobic), ukuqapha kwayo emanzini angcolile aphathwe kahle kanye namanzi angaphezulu angaphansi komfula kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwengozi yemvelo kanye nokubika komthetho.

Ukwanda komthamo wokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka asekhaya emhlabeni wonke kuye kwandisa imiphumela ehlobene nemvelo kanye nempilo. Ukukhishwa okungalawulwa emifuleni, emachibini, nasezindaweni zamanzi kungabeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza, kunciphisa izinsizakalo zemvelo, futhi kulimaza inqubekela phambili eqondene neNjongo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo 6 (Amanzi Ahlanzekile Nokuhlanzeka). Ukungafani ekuphoqelelweni kwemithetho, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe, kanye namandla okuqapha kuyanda kulezi zinselele. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi amdaka okuvamile, okujwayelekile, nokumelelayo kuyisenzo esiyisisekelo sokuvimbela ukungcola, ukuphathwa okuguquguqukayo, kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi okulinganayo.

https://www.boquinstruments.com/industrial-phorp-meter/

Ukulinganisa amapharamitha okunembile nokufika ngesikhathi kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuqinile, okulungele injongo. Abahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamanzi banamuhla banikeza izilinganiso ezinembile, eziphindaphindwayo, nezilandelekayo—ezisiza ekwenzeni izinqumo eziqhutshwa idatha yezinsizakusebenza, abalawuli, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo. Amaphethini okuthunyelwa komhlaba wonke abonisa amakhono esifunda: amazwe anemali engenayo ephezulu ayanda ukusebenzisa izinzwa ezenzakalelayo, eziku-inthanethi ezihlanganiswe namapulatifomu edijithali, kuyilapho izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu, eziphathwayo, nezinakekela kancane zibekwa phambili emazweni asafufusa. I-Shanghai Boqiao Instrument Co., Ltd. inikeza iphothifoliyo ephelele yezitifiketiabahlaziyi bekhwalithi yamanzieklanyelwe ngqo ukuqapha amanzi angcolile asekhaya. Amadivayisi abo abonisa ukunemba okuphezulu kokulinganisa, ukufakwa nokusebenza okulula, ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, kanye nezindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila ezincintisanayo—eziqinisekiswe ngokusetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kwe-100. Ngokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obufinyelelekayo, obusebenzisanayo, nobunengqondo ngokwesayensi—kanye nokukhuthaza ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ekuvumelaneni kwezindlela kanye nokwakha amandla—umphakathi womhlaba wonke ungaqinisa ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile, ulondoloze imvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi uthuthukise intuthuko eqhubekayo ebandakanya wonke umuntu.