Izindaba - Iyini inzwa yokudlulisa amandla emanzini?

Ukuqhuba ugesi kuyipharamitha yokuhlaziya esetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuhlanzeka kwamanzi, ukuqapha i-reverse osmosis, ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo yokuhlanza, ukulawulwa kwenqubo yamakhemikhali, kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini.

Inzwa yokuqhuba ugesi ezindaweni ezinamanzi iyithuluzi le-elekthronikhi elenzelwe ukukala ukuguquguquka kogesi kwamanzi.

Empeleni, amanzi ahlanzekile abonisa ukuqhutshwa kukagesi okuncane. Ukuqhutshwa kukagesi kwamanzi kuncike kakhulu ekuqongeleleni kwezinto ezixutshwe kuwo—okungukuthi, izinhlayiya ezishajiwe njenge-cations nama-anion. Lawa ma-ion avela emithonjeni efana nosawoti ovamile (isb., ama-ion e-sodium ions i-Na⁺ nama-ion e-chloride i-Cl⁻), amaminerali (isb., ama-ion e-calcium ions i-Ca²⁺ nama-ion e-magnesium i-Mg²⁺), ama-acid, kanye nezisekelo.

Ngokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kagesi, inzwa inikeza ukuhlolwa okungaqondile kwamapharamitha afana nezinto eziphelele ezincibilikisiwe (i-TDS), usawoti, noma izinga lokungcoliswa kwe-ionic emanzini. Amanani aphezulu okuhanjiswa kwamandla abonisa ukugcwala okukhulu kwama-ion ancibilikisiwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuncipha kobumsulwa bamanzi.

Isimiso Sokusebenza

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza senzwa yokuqhuba ugesi sisekelwe kuMthetho ka-Ohm.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile: Izinzwa zokuqhuba ugesi zivame ukusebenzisa ukucushwa kwama-electrode amabili noma ama-electrode amane.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-voltage: Kusetshenziswa i-voltage eshintshanayo ku-electrode eyodwa (ama-electrode ashayelayo).
2. Ukufuduka kwama-ion: Ngaphansi kwethonya lensimu kagesi, ama-ion asesixazululweni aya kuma-electrode aneshaja ephambene, akhiqize ugesi.
3. Ukulinganisa kwamanje: Umthamo wamanje ophumayo ulinganiswa yinzwa.
4. Ukubalwa kokuqhuba: Kusetshenziswa i-voltage eyaziwayo esetshenzisiwe kanye nogesi olinganisiwe, uhlelo lunquma ukumelana kukagesi kwesampula. Ukuqhuba kokuqhuba kombane kutholwa ngokusekelwe ezicini zejiyometri zenzwa (indawo ye-electrode kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwama-electrode). Ubudlelwano obuyisisekelo buvezwa kanje:
Ukuqhuba (G) = 1 / Ukumelana (R)

Ukuze kuncishiswe ukungalungi kokulinganisa okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwama-electrode (ngenxa yokusabela kwama-electrochemical ebusweni be-electrode) kanye nemiphumela yokuphatha, izinzwa zesimanje zokuqhuba zisebenzisa ukuvusa kwamanje okushintshanayo (AC).

Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Zokuqhuba

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinzwa zokuqhuba:
• Izinzwa zama-electrode amabili zifanelekela ukulinganisa amanzi ahlanzekile kakhulu kanye nokulinganisa ukuhanjiswa komoya okuphansi.
Izinzwa zama-electrode amane zisetshenziselwa amazinga okushisa aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu futhi zinikeza ukumelana okuthuthukisiwe kokungcola uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo yama-electrode amabili.
• Izinzwa zokuqhuba ezisebenzisa i-inductive (toroidal noma ezingena-electrode) zisetshenziselwa amazinga okuqhuba aphakathi kuya kwaphezulu kakhulu futhi zibonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kokungcola ngenxa yesimiso sazo sokulinganisa esingathintani.

I-Shanghai Boqu Instrument Co., Ltd. ibilokhu izibophezele emkhakheni wokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi iminyaka eyi-18, ikhiqiza izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisatshalaliswe emazweni angaphezu kwe-100 emhlabeni jikelele. Le nkampani inikeza izinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo zezinzwa zokuhambisa amanzi:

I-DDG - 0.01 - / - 1.0/0.1
Ukulinganiswa kokuqhuba okuphansi kwezinzwa ze-2-electrode
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: ukulungiswa kwamanzi, imithi (amanzi okujova), ukudla neziphuzo (ukulawulwa nokulungiswa kwamanzi), njll.

I-EC-A401
Ukulinganisa okuphezulu kokuqhuba komoya kuma-sensor angu-4-electrode
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: Izinqubo ze-CIP/SIP, izinqubo zamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka, imboni yephepha (ukulawula ukupheka nokuhlanza), ukudla neziphuzo (ukuqapha ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba).

I-IEC-DNPA
Inzwa ye-electrode evundisayo, emelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okunamandla
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: Izinqubo zamakhemikhali, uginindela nephepha, ukwenza ushukela, ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka.

Izinkambu Zokusebenza Eziyinhloko

Izinzwa zokuqhuba ugesi ziphakathi kwamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqapheni ikhwalithi yamanzi, zinikeza idatha ebalulekile kuzo zonke izigaba ezahlukene.

1. Ukuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo
- Ukuqapha imifula, amachibi, kanye nolwandle: Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi iyonke kanye nokuthola ukungcola okuvela ekukhishweni kwendle noma ukungena kwamanzi olwandle.
- Ukulinganiswa kosawoti: Kubalulekile ocwaningweni lwezolwandle kanye nokuphathwa kwezilwane zasemanzini ukuze kulondolozwe izimo ezifanele.

2. Ukulawulwa Kwezinqubo Zezimboni
- Ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi acwengekile kakhulu (isb., embonini ye-semiconductor kanye neyemithi): Ivumela ukuqapha kwangempela kwezinqubo zokuhlanza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zekhwalithi yamanzi.
- Izinhlelo zamanzi okuphakelwa ngamabhoyila: Zisiza ekulawuleni ikhwalithi yamanzi ukuze kuncishiswe ukukalwa nokugqwala, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
- Izinhlelo zokupholisa ukujikeleza kwamanzi: Ivumela ukuqapha izilinganiso zokuhlushwa kwamanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulinganisa kwamakhemikhali nokulawula ukukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile.

3. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Okuphuza Nokungcola
- Ilandelela ukuhlukahluka kwekhwalithi yamanzi aluhlaza ukuze isekele ukuhlela ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.
- Kusiza ekulawuleni izinqubo zamakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho kanye nokusebenza kahle.

4. Ezolimo kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi
- Iqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi okunisela ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokwanda kosawoti enhlabathini.
- Ilawula amazinga kasawoti ezinhlelweni zokufuya izilwane zasemanzini ukuze kulondolozwe indawo efanele yezinhlobo zasemanzini.

5. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi kanye Nezicelo Zelebhu
- Isekela ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola emikhakheni efana nekhemistri, i-biology, kanye nesayensi yezemvelo ngokusebenzisa izilinganiso eziqondile zokuqhuba.

Bhala umlayezo wakho lapha bese uwuthumela kithi

Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-29-2025