I-Turbidity, echazwa njengokuguquguquka noma ukubanda koketshezi olubangelwa izinombolo ezinkulu zezinhlayiya ezingazodwana ezilenga phakathi kwalo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yamanzi.Ukulinganisa ukungcola kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ekuqinisekiseni amanzi okuphuza aphephile kuya ekuhloleni izimo zemvelo.Inzwa ye-turbidityiyithuluzi eliyinhloko elisetshenziselwa le njongo, elinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile nezisebenzayo.Kule bhulogi, sizocubungula izimiso zokulinganisa i-turbidity, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa ze-turbidity, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izimiso Zokulinganiswa Kwe-Turbidity
Ukulinganisa i-turbidity kuncike ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kokukhanya nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe oketshezini.Izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko zibusa lokhu kusebenzisana: ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya nokumunca ukukhanya.
A. Inzwa ye-Turbidity yangokwezifiso: Ukuhlakazeka Kokukhanya
Umphumela we-Tyndall:Umphumela we-Tyndall uvela lapho ukukhanya kuhlakazwa yizinhlayiya ezincane ezimiswe endaweni ekhanyelayo.Lesi simo sinesibopho sokwenza indlela ye-laser beam ibonakale egumbini elinentuthu.
Mie Scattering:I-Mie scattering ingenye indlela yokusabalalisa ukukhanya okusebenza ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu.Ibonakala ngephethini yokuhlakazeka eyinkimbinkimbi, ethonywa usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nobude begagasi lokukhanya.
B. Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Ukumuncwa Okukhanyayo
Ngaphezu kokuhlakazeka, ezinye izinhlayiya zimunca amandla okukhanya.Izinga lokumunca ukukhanya lincike ezintweni zezinhlayiya ezimisiwe.
C. Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Turbidity kanye Nokuhlakazeka Kokukhanya/Ukumuncwa
I-turbidity yoketshezi ilingana ngokuqondile nezinga lokuhlakazeka kokukhanya futhi ilinganisa ngokuphambene nezinga lokumunca ukukhanya.Lobu budlelwano bakha isisekelo samasu okulinganisa i-turbidity.
Inzwa ye-Turbidity yangokwezifiso: Izinhlobo zezinzwa ze-Turbidity
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinzwa ze-turbidity ezitholakalayo, ngayinye enezimiso zayo zokusebenza, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo.
A. Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izinzwa ze-Nephelometric
1. Isimiso sokusebenza:Izinzwa ze-Nephelometric zikala ukungqubuzana ngokulinganisa ukukhanya okuhlakazekile nge-engeli ethile (ngokuvamile engu-90 degrees) ukusuka kubhamu yokukhanya yesigameko.Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngemiphumela enembile yamazinga aphansi e-turbidity.
2. Izinzuzo Nemikhawulo:Izinzwa ze-Nephelometric zizwela kakhulu futhi zinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile.Kodwa-ke, zingase zingasebenzi kahle emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu emfucumfucu futhi zisengozini yokonakala.
B. Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izinzwa Zokumuncwa
1. Isimiso sokusebenza:Izinzwa zokumuncwa zikala ukuthukuthela ngokulinganisa inani lokukhanya elimuncwa njengoba lidlula kusampula.Asebenza kahle kakhulu kumazinga aphezulu e-turbidity.
2. Izinzuzo Nemikhawulo:Izinzwa zokumuncwa ziqinile futhi zilungele uhla olubanzi lwamazinga e-turbidity.Kodwa-ke, angase angazweli kancane emazingeni aphansi e-turbidity futhi azwele ezinguqukweni zombala wesampula.
C. Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Ezinye Izinhlobo Zenzwa
1. Izinzwa Zemodi Ekabili:Lezi zinzwa zihlanganisa kokubili izimiso ze-nephelometric nezilinganiso zokumuncwa, zinikeze imiphumela enembile kulo lonke uhla olubanzi lwe-turbidity.
2. Izinzwa ezisuselwa ku-Laser:Izinzwa ezisuselwe ku-laser zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-laser ukuze kukale i-turbidity enembile, enikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu nokumelana nokungcola.Zivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasezinhlelweni ezikhethekile.
Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izicelo Zezinzwa Ze-Turbidity
Inzwa ye-turbidityithola izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni eyahlukene:
A. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa amanzi okuphuza aphephile ngokuqapha amazinga e-turbidity kanye nokuthola izinhlayiya ezingase zibonise ukungcola.
B. Ukuqapha Kwemvelo:Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi emizimbeni yemvelo yamanzi, ukusiza ukuqapha impilo yemvelo yasemanzini.
C. Izinqubo Zezimboni:Ukuqapha nokulawula imfucumfucu ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi ibalulekile, njengasembonini yokudla neziphuzo.
D. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko:Ukusekela ucwaningo lwesayensi ngokunikeza idatha enembile yezifundo ezihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiyana kanye nokuguquguquka koketshezi.
Umkhiqizi oyedwa ovelele wezinzwa ze-turbidity yi-Shanghai BOQU Instrument Co., Ltd. Imikhiqizo yabo emisha ibe nesandla ekuqaphelweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi nasekusetshenzisweni kocwaningo, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ubumfucumfucu.
Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izingxenye Zenzwa Ye-Turbidity
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenza kanjani, umuntu kufanele aqonde kuqala izingxenye zazo eziyisisekelo:
A. Umthombo Wokukhanya (i-LED noma i-Laser):Izinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukuze zikhanyise isampula.Lokhu kungaba yi-LED noma i-laser, kuye ngemodeli ethile.
B. I-Optical Chamber noma i-Cuvette:I-optical chamber noma i-cuvette inhliziyo yenzwa.Iphethe isampula futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kungadlula kuyo ukuze kulinganiswe.
C. Isitholi sezithombe:Imiswe ngokuphambene nomthombo wokukhanya, i-photodetector ithwebula ukukhanya okudlula kusampula.Ikala ukushuba kokukhanya okutholiwe, okuhlobene ngokuqondile ne-turbidity.
D. Iyunithi Yokucubungula Isignali:Iyunithi yokucubungula isignali ihumusha idatha esuka kumshini wokuthwebula izithombe, iyiguqule ibe amanani e-turbidity.
E. Isibonisi noma Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphuma kwedatha:Le ngxenye ihlinzeka ngendlela esebenziseka kalula yokufinyelela idatha ye-turbidity, evame ukuyibonisa nge-NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) noma amanye amayunithi afanelekile.
Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Ukulinganisa Nokugcinwa
Ukunemba nokuthembeka kwenzwa ye-turbidity kuncike ekulinganisweni okufanele nasekugcinweni okuvamile.
A. Ukubaluleka Kokulinganisa:Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zenzwa zihlala zinembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Isungula indawo eyinkomba, evumela ukufundwa kwe-turbidity okunembile.
B. Amazinga Wokulinganisa Nezinqubo:Izinzwa ze-turbidity zilinganiswa kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezijwayelekile zamaleveli e-turbidity aziwayo.Ukulinganisa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa inikeza ukufundwa okungaguquki nokunembile.Izinqubo zokulinganisa zingahluka kuye ngezincomo zomenzi.
C. Izidingo Zokunakekela:Ukunakekela okuvamile kuhilela ukuhlanza igumbi lokukhanya, ukuhlola umthombo wokukhanya ukusebenza, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa isebenza kahle.Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuvimbela ukukhukhuleka ezilinganisweni futhi kunwebe ubude bempilo yenzwa.
Inzwa Yangokwezifiso Ye-Turbidity: Izinto Ezithinta Ukukalwa Kwe-Turbidity
Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingaba nomthelela ekukalweni kwe-turbidity:
A. Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana Nokwakheka:Usayizi nokwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe kusampula kungathinta ukufundwa kwe-turbidity.Izinhlayiya ezihlukene zisakaza ukukhanya ngokuhlukile, ngakho ukuqonda izici zesampula kubalulekile.
B. Izinga lokushisa:Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungashintsha izici zakho kokubili isampuli nenzwa, okungase kuthinte izilinganiso ze-turbidity.Izinzwa zivame ukuza nezici zesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa ukuze kulungiswe lokhu.
C. Amazinga we-pH:Amazinga e-pH aphakeme kakhulu angathinta ukuhlanganisa izinhlayiyana, ngenxa yalokho, ukufundwa kwe-turbidity.Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-pH yesampula ingaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo kubalulekile ekulinganiseni okunembile.
D. Ukuphatha Isampula Nokulungiselela:Ukuthi isampuli iqoqwa, iphathwe, futhi ilungiswe kanjani ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekukalweni kwe-turbidity.Amasu amasampula afanele kanye nokulungiswa kwesampula okungaguquki kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela ethembekile.
Isiphetho
Inzwa ye-turbidityingamathuluzi abalulekile okuhlola izinga lamanzi nezimo zemvelo.Ukuqonda izimiso zokulinganisa ukungcola kanye nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinzwa ezitholakalayo kunikeza amandla ososayensi, onjiniyela, kanye nezazi zemvelo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi emikhakheni yabo, ekugcineni kube nesandla embulungeni ephephile nenempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2023
