I-turbidity, ichazwa njengefu noma i-hashwity yoketshezi olubangelwa inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ngakunye okumiswe kulo, lidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukulinganisa ukuqina kwe-turbidity kubalulekile ukuthola izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene, ezisukela ekuqinisekiseni amanzi okuphuza aphephile ukuqapha izimo zemvelo.Inzwa yokuguquguqukaIthuluzi eliyisihluthulelo elisetshenziselwa le njongo, linikeza izilinganiso ezinembile nezisebenzayo. Kule bhulogi, sizokwengeza imigomo yokulinganisa ukuqina, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-tubidity sensors, kanye nezicelo zazo.
Inzwa yokulungisa isimilo: izimiso zokulinganisa ukuqina
Ukulinganiswa kwe-turbidity kuncike ekuxhumaneni phakathi kokukhanya nokususwa kwezinhlayiya ku-fluid. Imigomo emibili eyinhloko ilawula lokhu kuhlangana: Ukusakazeka Kokukhanya nokumuncwa Kokukhanya.
A. I-Sensor Yokulungisa Kwamasiko: Ukusakazeka Kokukhanya
I-Tyndall Effect:Umphumela weTyndall wenzeka lapho ukukhanya kuhlakazeka yizinhlayiya ezincane ezimiswe endaweni esobala. Le nto inesibopho sokwenza indlela yogongolo lwe-laser ibonakale egumbini elibhemayo.
Ukusakaza Mie:Ukusakazeka kukaMie kungenye indlela yokusakazeka kokukhanya okusebenza ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu. Ibonakala ngephethini yokuhlakazeka eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ethonywe usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye ne-wavelength yokukhanya.
B. I-Sensor yokulungisa isimilo: ukumuncwa kokukhanya
Ngaphezu kokusakaza, ezinye izinhlayiya zithola amandla akhanyayo. Ubungako bokuvalwa kokukhanya kuncike kwizakhiwo zezinhlayiya ezimisiwe.
C. Izinzwa zokulungisa ama-rubidity: Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-turbidity nokusakazeka okukhanyayo / ukumuncwa
I-turbidity ye-fluid ilingana ngqo nezinga lokusakazeka kokukhanya kanye nokulingana ngokweqile ngezinga lokufakwa kokukhanya. Lobu budlelwano bakha isisekelo sezinqubo zokulinganisa zokuhlukumeza.
Inzwa yokulungisa inkambiso: izinhlobo zama-tubidity sensors
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa zokuzithayela ezitholakalayo, ngayinye inemigomo yayo yokusebenza, izinzuzo, kanye nemikhawulo.
A. I-Sensor yokulungisa inkambiso
1. Umgomo wokusebenza:Izinzwa ze-Nefelometric zilinganisa i-turturity ngokunciphisa ukukhanya okusakazeka engela ethile (imvamisa ama-90 degrees) kusuka kukhanya olukhanyayo lwesigameko. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngemiphumela eqondile yamazinga aphansi okuqina.
2. Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa:Izinzwa ze-Nefelometric zizwela kakhulu futhi zinikeza izilinganiso eziqondile. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka bangazenzi kahle emazingeni aphezulu okuthempelayo futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekuhambeni.
B. Sensor ye-Turbidity Sensor: Izinzwa zokutholwa
1. Umgomo wokusebenza:Izinzwa zokutholwa zilinganisa i-turbidity ngokushintshana ngenani lokukhanya elidonswe njengoba lidlula kwisampula. Zisebenza ngokukhethekile emazingeni aphakeme wokuhlukumeza.
2. Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa:Izinzwa zokutholwa ziqinile futhi zilungele amazinga ahlukahlukene wokujikisa. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka bazwele kancane emazingeni aphansi okubambisana futhi azwela izinguquko ngombala wesampula.
C. Izinzwa zokulungiswa ngokwezifiso zezinzwa: Ezinye izinhlobo zezinzwa
1. Izinzwa ezi-Dual-Mode:Lezi zinzwa zihlanganisa zombili izimiso zokulinganisa ze-nefelometric kanye nokufakwa, ukuhlinzeka ngemiphumela enembile kulo lonke uhla olubanzi lwe-turbidity.
2. Izinzwa ezisekelwe ze-Laser:Izinzwa ezisekelwe ze-Laser zisebenzisa ukukhanya kweLaser ukuthola izilinganiso eziqondile zokujikisa, okuzwa ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuqina. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasezicelo ezikhethekile.
Inzwa yokulungisa inkambiso: izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinzwa zokujikisa
Inzwa yokuguquguqukaIthola izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:
A. Ukwelashwa kwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa amanzi okuphuza aphephile ngokubheka amazinga okulungisa ama-turbidity kanye nokuthola izinhlayiya ezingakhombisa ukungcoliswa.
B. Ukuqapha Kwezemvelo:Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi emizimbeni yemvelo yamanzi, kusiza ukuqapha impilo yemvelo yasemanzini.
C. Izinqubo zezimboni:Ukuqapha kanye nokulawula ama-turbidity ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi ibucayi, njengakuwo embonini yokudla kanye nophuzo.
D. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko:Ukusekela ucwaningo lwesayensi ngokunikeza idatha enembile yezifundo ezihlobene nobuntu bezinhlayiyana kanye namanzi ashubile.
Umkhiqizi oyedwa ovelele wezinzwa ze-turbidity yi-shanghai boquistrest Co, Ltd. Imikhiqizo yabo emisha ibe yithuluzi ekuqapheni kwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezicelo zocwaningo, ekhombisa ukuzibophezela komkhakha ukuthi kuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa rubidity.
Inzwa yokulungisa izikombisi: izakhi zenzwa ye-terbidity
Ukuqonda ukuthi izinzwa zosizi zisebenza kanjani, umuntu kufanele aqale aqonde izingxenye zawo eziyisisekelo:
A. Umthombo okhanyayo (oholwa noma we-laser):Izinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenzisa umthombo okhanyayo ukukhanyisa isampula. Lokhu kungaba yi-LED noma i-laser, kuya ngemodeli ethile.
B. Igumbi le-Optical noma i-CUVETTE:Igumbi le-Optical noma i-Cuvette yinhliziyo yenzwa. Ibamba isampula futhi iqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya kungadlula kukho ukuze kulinganiswe.
C. PhotoDETetor:Ibekwe ngokuphambene nomthombo wokukhanya, i-photonet ithumba ukukhanya okudlula kwisampula. Kukala ubukhulu bokukhanya okutholakele, okuhlobene ngqo ne-turbidity.
D. Iyunithi yokusebenza yesiginali:Iyunithi yokusebenza yesiginali ihumusha imininingwane kusuka kwi-PhotoDetor, ukuyiguqula ibe ngamanani wokuqina.
E. Khombisa isibonisi sokukhipha idatha:Le ngxenye ihlinzeka ngendlela evumelana nomsebenzisi yokufinyelela idatha yokuqina, imvamisa ukuyibonisa ku-NTU (amayunithi we-Nefelometric turbidity Units) noma amanye amayunithi afanele.
Inzwa yokulungisa inkambiso: ukulinganisa nokulungiswa
Ukunemba nokuthembela kwe-turbidity inzwa nokuthembela kuncike ekuhlolweni okufanele nokulungiswa okujwayelekile.
A. Ukubaluleka kokulinganisa:Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso ze-sensor zihlala zinembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isungula iphuzu lereferensi, livumela ukufundwa okulungile kwe-turbitity.
B. Izindinganiso nezinqubo zokulinganisa:Izinzwa ze-turbidity zilinganiselwe zisebenzisa izixazululo ezijwayelekile zamazinga aziwayo ama-tubidity. Ukulinganisa okujwayelekile kuqinisekisa inzwa ihlinzeka ngokufundwa okungaguquki futhi okunembayo. Izinqubo zokulinganisa zingahluka ngokuya ngezincomo zomkhiqizi.
C. Izidingo zokulungiswa:Isondlo ejwayelekile ifaka ukuhlanza igumbi lokubona, ibheka umthombo wokukhanya ukuze isebenze, futhi iqinisekisile ukuthi inzwa isebenza kahle. Ukulungiswa kabusha kuvimbela ukuhamba ngezilinganiso futhi kunwebe isikhathi sokuphila kwenzwa.
Inzwa yokulungisa izikombisi: izinto ezithinta ukulinganiswa kwe-turbidity
Kunezici eziningana ezingathonya izilinganiso zokuzilungisa:
A. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana nokwakheka:Ubukhulu nokwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezimisiwe kusampula kungathinta ukufundwa kwama-turbidity. Izinhlayiya ezahlukahlukene zisakazeka zilula ngokuhlukile, ngakho-ke ukuqonda izici zesampula kubalulekile.
B. lokushisa:Izinguquko zokushisa zingashintsha izaphu zombili zesampula kanye nenzwa, okuthinta izilinganiso zokujikisa. Izinzwa zivame ukuza nezici zokunxeshezelwa zokushisa ukubhekana nalokhu.
C. PH amazinga:Amazinga we-PH adlulele angathinta inhlanganisela yezinhlayiya futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufundwa kwe-turbidity. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-PH yesampula ngaphakathi kwebanga okwamukelekayo kubalulekile ngezilinganiso ezinembile.
D. Ukuphatha isampula nokulungiselela:Ukuthi isampula liqoqwe kanjani, liphathwe, futhi lilungiswe lingayithinta kakhulu izilinganiso zokuzilungisa. Amasu afanele wesampula kanye nokulungiswa kwesampula okungaguquki kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela ethembekile.
Ukugcina
Inzwa yokuguquguqukaamathuluzi asemqoka ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi nezimo zemvelo. Ukuqonda izimiso ezenze ngokulinganisa kwe-turbidity nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinzwa ezitholakalayo zososayensi, onjiniyela, kanye nabezemvelo ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi emasimini abo afanele, ekugcineni kube nomthelela kwiplanethi ephephile nenempilo.
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Sep-19-2023
