Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ithuluzi Elibalulekile Lokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi

Ukukhukhumala, okuchazwa njengokufiphala noma ukufiphala koketshezi okubangelwa inani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ngazinye ezilenga ngaphakathi kwalo, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ukulinganisa ukukhukhumala kubalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, kusukela ekuqinisekiseni amanzi okuphuza aphephile kuya ekuqapheni izimo zemvelo.Inzwa yokuguquguqukaiyithuluzi eliyinhloko elisetshenziselwa le njongo, elinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile nezisebenzayo. Kule bhulogi, sizohlola izimiso zokulinganisa ukuminyana, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa zokuminyana, kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokusebenza.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izimiso Zokulinganisa Ukujika

Ukulinganiswa kokuguquguquka kuncike ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kokukhanya nezinhlayiya ezilengayo oketshezini. Izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko zilawula lokhu kusebenzisana: ukusabalala kokukhanya kanye nokumuncwa kokukhanya.

A. Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ukusabalalisa Okukhanyayo

Umphumela we-Tyndall:Umphumela we-Tyndall uvela lapho ukukhanya kuhlakazwa yizinhlayiya ezincane ezilengiswe endaweni ecacile. Lesi simo sibangela ukwenza indlela yomsebe we-laser ibonakale ekamelweni elinomusi.

Ukusabalala kwamaMie:Ukusabalala kwe-Mie kungenye indlela yokusabalala kokukhanya esebenza ezinhlayiyeni ezinkulu. Kubonakaliswa yiphethini yokusabalala eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ethonywa usayizi wezinhlayiyana kanye nobude bokukhanya.

B. Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ukumuncwa Kokukhanya

Ngaphezu kokuhlakazeka, ezinye izinhlayiya zimunca amandla okukhanya. Ububanzi bokumuncwa kokukhanya buxhomeke ezimpahleni zezinhlayiya ezilengayo.

C. Inzwa Yokujika Okujwayelekile: Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kokujika Okukhanyayo Nokusabalala/Ukumuncwa Kokukhanya

Ukungcoliswa koketshezi kuhambelana ngqo nezinga lokusabalala kokukhanya futhi kuhambisana ngokuphambene nezinga lokumuncwa kokukhanya. Lobu budlelwano bakha isisekelo samasu okulinganisa ukungcoliswa.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izinhlobo Zezinzwa Zokujika

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinzwa zokungcola ezitholakalayo, ngayinye inezimiso zayo zokusebenza, izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo.

A. Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izinzwa Ze-Nephelometric

1. Isimiso Sokusebenza:Izinzwa ze-Nephelometric zilinganisa ukungcola ngokulinganisa ukukhanya okusakazeke nge-engeli ethile (ngokuvamile ama-degree angu-90) kusukela emsebeni wokukhanya wesigameko. Le ndlela inikeza imiphumela enembile yamazinga aphansi okungcola.

2. Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa:Izinzwa ze-Nephelometric zizwela kakhulu futhi zinikeza izilinganiso ezinembile. Kodwa-ke, zingase zingasebenzi kahle emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu okugcwala futhi zisengozini enkulu yokungcola.

B. Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izinzwa Zokumunca

1. Isimiso Sokusebenza:Izinzwa zokumunca zilinganisa ukugcwala ngokulinganisa inani lokukhanya okumuncwayo njengoba kudlula kusampula. Zisebenza kahle kakhulu emazingeni aphezulu okugcwala.

2. Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa:Izinzwa zokumunca ziqinile futhi zifanele amazinga ahlukahlukene okungcoliswa. Kodwa-ke, zingase zingazweli kakhulu emazingeni aphansi okungcoliswa futhi zizwele izinguquko embala wesampula.

C. Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ezinye Izinhlobo Zenzwa

1. Izinzwa Zemodi Embili:Lezi zinzwa zihlanganisa izimiso zokulinganisa i-nephelometric kanye ne-absorption, zinikeza imiphumela enembile ebangeni elibanzi le-turbidity.

2. Izinzwa Ezisekelwe Ku-Laser:Izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-laser zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-laser ukuze zilinganise kahle ukungcoliswa, zinikeza ukuzwela okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokungcola. Zivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasezinhlelweni ezikhethekile.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinzwa Zokujika

Inzwa yokuguquguqukaithola izinhlelo zokusebenza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene:

A. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi:Ukuqinisekisa amanzi okuphuza aphephile ngokuqapha amazinga okungcoliswa kwamanzi nokuthola izinhlayiya ezingase zibonise ukungcola.

B. Ukuqapha Imvelo:Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi emanzini emvelo, okusiza ukuqapha impilo yezindawo zemvelo zasemanzini.

C. Izinqubo Zezimboni:Ukuqapha nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwamanzi ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho ikhwalithi yamanzi ibaluleke khona, njengasembonini yokudla neziphuzo.

D. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko:Ukusekela ucwaningo lwesayensi ngokunikeza idatha enembile yezifundo ezihlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya kanye nokuguquguquka koketshezi.

Omunye umenzi ovelele wezinzwa zokungcola yiShanghai BOQU Instrument Co., Ltd. Imikhiqizo yabo emisha ibe negalelo elikhulu ekuqapheni ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezicelo zocwaningo, okubonisa ukuzibophezela kwemboni ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokulinganisa ukungcola.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izingxenye Zenzwa Yokujika

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izinzwa ze-turbidity zisebenza kanjani, umuntu kufanele aqale aqonde izingxenye zazo eziyisisekelo:

A. Umthombo Wokukhanya (i-LED noma i-Laser):Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha kokukhanya zisebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhanyisa isampula. Lokhu kungaba yi-LED noma i-laser, kuye ngemodeli ethile.

B. Igumbi Lokukhanya noma i-Cuvette:Ikamelo lokukhanya noma i-cuvette liyinhliziyo yesenzwa. Libamba isampula futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kungadlula kulo ukuze kulinganiswe.

C. Isitholi sezithombe:Ibekwe maqondana nomthombo wokukhanya, i-photodetector ibamba ukukhanya okudlula esampula. Ilinganisa ubukhali bokukhanya okwamukelwayo, okuhlobene ngqo nokugcwala kwamanzi.

D. Iyunithi Yokucubungula Amasignali:Iyunithi yokucubungula isignali ihumusha idatha evela ku-photodetector, iyiguqule ibe amanani e-turbidity.

E. Isixhumi Sokubonisa noma Sokukhipha Idatha:Le ngxenye inikeza indlela elula yokufinyelela idatha ye-turbidity, ivame ukuyibonisa ku-NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units) noma kwamanye amayunithi afanele.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Ukulinganisa Nokulungisa

Ukunemba nokuthembeka kwenzwa yokuvunguza kuncike ekulinganisweni okufanele kanye nokugcinwa njalo.

A. Ukubaluleka Kokulinganisa:Ukulinganisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zenzwa zihlala zinembile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kusungula indawo yokubhekisela, okuvumela ukufundwa okunembile kokungcoliswa kwamanzi.

B. Izindinganiso Nezinqubo Zokulinganisa:Izinzwa zokushintshashintsha zilinganiswa kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezijwayelekile zamazinga aziwayo okuguquguquka. Ukulinganisa okuvamile kuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa inikeza ukufundwa okuhambisanayo nokunembile. Izinqubo zokulinganisa zingahluka kuye ngezincomo zomenzi.

C. Izidingo Zokulungisa:Ukulungiswa okuvamile kuhilela ukuhlanza igumbi lokukhanya, ukuhlola umthombo wokukhanya ukuthi usebenza kahle yini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi inzwa isebenza kahle. Ukulungiswa okuvamile kuvimbela ukuzulazula kwezilinganiso futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwenzwa.

Inzwa Yokujika Ngokwezifiso: Izici Ezithinta Ukulinganiswa Kokujika

Kunezici eziningana ezingathonya ukulinganiswa kokungcola:

A. Usayizi Wezinhlayiya Nokwakheka Kwazo:Ubukhulu kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlayiya ezilengayo kusampula kungathinta ukufundwa kokungcola. Izinhlayiya ezahlukene zisakaza ukukhanya ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho-ke ukuqonda izici zesampula kubalulekile.

B. Izinga lokushisa:Izinguquko ekushiseni zingashintsha izakhiwo zesampula kanye nezenzwa, okungase kuthinte ukulinganiswa kokungcola. Izinzwa zivame ukuza nezici zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa ukubhekana nalokhu.

C. Amazinga e-pH:Amazinga e-pH aphezulu angathinta ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukufundwa kokungcola. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-pH yesampula ingaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo kubalulekile ekulinganisweni okunembile.

D. Ukuphathwa Nokulungiswa Kwesampula:Indlela isampula eqoqwa ngayo, ephathwa ngayo, futhi elungiswa ngayo ingathinta kakhulu ukulinganiswa kokungcola. Amasu okuthatha amasampula afanele kanye nokulungiselela isampula njalo kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela ethembekile.

Isiphetho

Inzwa yokuguquguqukakuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ukuqonda izimiso ezingemuva kokulinganiswa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinzwa ezitholakalayo kunika amandla ososayensi, onjiniyela, kanye nabezemvelo ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi emikhakheni yabo, ekugcineni kube negalelo eplanethini ephephile nenempilo.