Wonke amanzi okuphuza azophathwa ngamanzi avela emthonjeni, ngokuvamile okuyichibi lamanzi ahlanzekile, umfula, umthombo wamanzi, noma ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nomfudlana futhi amanzi avela emthonjeni angaba sengozini yokungcola okungazelelwe noma okuhlosiwe kanye nezinguquko ezihlobene nesimo sezulu noma zesizini. Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi avela emthonjeni kukuvumela ukuthi ulindele izinguquko enkambisweni yokwelashwa.
Isinyathelo sokuqala: Ukwelashwa kwamanzi asuka emthonjeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi, okubizwa nangokuthi i-Coagulation kanye ne-Flocculation, izinhlayiya zizohlanganiswa namakhemikhali ukuze zenze izinhlayiya ezinkulu, bese izinhlayiya ezinkulu zizocwila phansi.
Isinyathelo sesibili ukuhlunga, ngemva kokuthungwa ngaphambi kokwelashwa, amanzi acwebile azodlula ezihlungini, ngokuvamile, isihlungi sakhiwe ngesihlabathi, amatshe ayigugu, namalahle) kanye nosayizi wembobo. Ukuze sivikele izihlungi, sidinga ukuqapha ukungcola, ukuqina okulengayo, i-alkalinity kanye neminye imingcele yekhwalithi yamanzi.
Isinyathelo sesithathu inqubo yokubulala amagciwane. Lesi sinyathelo sibaluleke kakhulu, ngemva kokuhluzwa kwamanzi, kufanele sifake isibulali-magciwane emanzini ahlungiwe, njenge-chlorine, i-chloramine, ukuze kubulawe amagciwane asele, amabhaktheriya, kanye namagciwane, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi aphephile uma ethunyelwa ekhaya ngamapayipi.
Isinyathelo sesine ukusatshalaliswa, kufanele silinganise i-pH, ukuminyana, ubulukhuni, i-chlorine esele, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla (TDS), bese sizokwazi izingozi ezingaba khona noma ezisongela impilo yomphakathi ngesikhathi. Inani le-chlorine esele kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-0.3mg/L uma likhishwa esikhungweni samanzi okuphuza, futhi libe ngaphezu kuka-0.05mg/L ekugcineni kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Ukuminyana kumele kube ngaphansi kuka-1NTU, inani le-pH liphakathi kuka-6.5~8,5, ipayipi lizoba libi uma inani le-pH lingaphansi kuka-6.5pH kanye nokukala okulula uma i-pH ingaphezu kuka-8.5pH.
Kodwa-ke njengamanje, umsebenzi wokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi usebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa ngesandla emazweni amaningi, okunezinkinga eziningi zokushesha, ukuphelela, ukuqhubeka kanye namaphutha abantu njll. Uhlelo lokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi oluku-inthanethi lwe-BOQU lungaqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi amahora angama-24 nesikhathi sangempela. Luphinde lunikeze ulwazi olusheshayo nolunembile kubenzi bezinqumo ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zekhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngaleyo ndlela lunikeza abantu ikhwalithi yamanzi enempilo nephephile.
