Ngokusho kohlelo luka-2018 lwe-Shanghai Municipal Local Standard for Integrated Wastewater Discharge (DB31/199-2018), indawo yokukhipha amanzi amdaka yesitshalo sokuphehla ugesi esiqhutshwa yi-Baosteel Co., Ltd. itholakala endaweni ebucayi yamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhawulo wokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen uncishisiwe kusuka ku-10 mg/L kuya ku-1.5 mg/L, kanti umkhawulo wokukhipha izinto eziphilayo wehlisiwe kusuka ku-100 mg/L kuya ku-50 mg/L.

Endaweni yedama lamanzi elenzeke ingozi: Kunezichibi ezimbili zamanzi ezenzeke engozini kule ndawo. Kufakwe izinhlelo ezintsha zokuqapha ezizenzakalelayo eziku-inthanethi ze-ammonia nitrogen ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqapha okuqhubekayo amazinga e-ammonia nitrogen emachibini amanzi ezenzeke engozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwe iphampu entsha yokulinganisa i-sodium hypochlorite, exhunywe emathangini okugcina e-sodium hypochlorite akhona futhi ixhumene nohlelo lokuqapha i-ammonia nitrogen. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kwenza kube nokulawulwa kokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo nokunembile kuzo zombili izichibi zamanzi ezenzeke engozini.

Ohlelweni lokwelapha amanzi angcolile lweSigaba I sesiteshi sokwelapha amanzi amakhemikhali: Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezizenzakalelayo eziku-inthanethi ze-ammonia nitrogen zifakiwe ethangini lokucacisa, ethangini lamanzi angcolile le-B1, ethangini lamanzi angcolile le-B3, ethangini lamanzi angcolile le-B4, kanye nasethangini le-B5. Lezi zinhlelo zokuqapha zixhumene nephampu yokulinganisa i-sodium hypochlorite ukuze kuvunyelwe ukulawula ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kuyo yonke inqubo yokwelapha amanzi angcolile.

Imishini Esetshenzisiwe:

I-NHNG-3010 I-Ammonia Nitrogen Monitor Ezenzakalelayo Eku-inthanethi

Uhlelo lwe-YCL-3100 oluhlakaniphile lokwelapha kusengaphambili ukuze kuthathwe amasampula ekhwalithi yamanzi

Ukuze kuhambisane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kwamanzi ezibuyekeziwe, isitshalo sikagesi seBaosteel Co., Ltd. sifake imishini yokukhipha i-ammonia nitrogen kanye nemishini yokuhlanza ngaphambi kokukhipha amanzi angcolile. Uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile olukhona luye lwathuthukiswa futhi lwavuselelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-ammonia nitrogen kanye nezinto eziphilayo ziphathwa kahle ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhishwa kwamanzi amasha. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuqinisekisa ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ngesikhathi esifanele nangokuphumelelayo futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izingozi zemvelo ezihlobene nokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile ngokweqile.

Kungani kudingeka ukuqapha amazinga e-ammonia nitrogen ezindaweni zokukhipha amanzi emishinini yensimbi?

Ukulinganisa i-ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) ezindaweni zokukhipha insimbi kubalulekile kokubili ekuvikelweni kwemvelo nasekulandeleni imithetho, njengoba izinqubo zokukhiqiza insimbi ngokwemvelo zikhiqiza amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-ammonia abangela izingozi ezinkulu uma ekhishwa ngendlela engafanele.

Okokuqala, i-ammonia nitrogen inobuthi kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini. Ngisho noma ingaphansi kakhulu, ingalimaza ama-gill ezinhlanzi nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, iphazamise imisebenzi yazo yokugaya ukudla, futhi iholele ekufeni kwabantu abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ammonia eningi emanzini ibangela i-eutrophication—inqubo lapho i-ammonia iguqulwa ibe yi-nitrate ngamabhaktheriya, ibangele ukukhula ngokweqile kwe-algae. Lokhu kuqhuma kwe-algal kuqeda umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini, kudala "izindawo ezifile" lapho izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini eziningi zingakwazi ukusinda khona, okuphazamisa kakhulu imvelo yasemanzini.

Okwesibili, izigayo zensimbi ziboshelwe ngokomthetho yizindinganiso zezemvelo zikazwelonke nezendawo (isib., i-Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard yaseShayina, i-Industrial Emissions Directive ye-EU). Lezi zindinganiso zibeka imikhawulo eqinile ekugcwaleni kwe-ammonia nitrogen emanzini angcolile akhishwayo. Ukuqapha njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izigayo ziyahlangabezana nale mikhawulo, kugwenywe izinhlawulo, ukumiswa kokusebenza, noma izikweletu zomthetho ezivela ekungalandelini imithetho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganiswa kwe-ammonia nitrogen kusebenza njengesibonakaliso esibalulekile sokusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuhlanza amanzi amdaka lomshini wokugaya. Uma amazinga e-ammonia edlula izinga, lokhu kubonisa izinkinga ezingaba khona enkambisweni yokwelapha (isb., ukungasebenzi kahle kwamayunithi okwelapha ngezinto eziphilayo), okuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babone futhi balungise izinkinga ngokushesha—ukuvimbela amanzi amdaka angalashwanga noma angalashwanga kahle ukuthi angangeni emvelweni.

Ngamafuphi, ukuqapha i-ammonia nitrogen ekuphumeni kwemishini yensimbi kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokunciphisa umonakalo emvelweni, ukunamathela ezidingweni zomthetho, nokugcina ukuthembeka kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka.