Icala Lokufaka Isicelo Lokukhipha Amanzi Angcolile Ezinkampanini Zokuhlatshwa Nenyama Eluhlaza E-Shanghai

Inkampani ekhiqiza inyama ezinze eShanghai yasungulwa ngo-2011 futhi itholakala esifundeni saseSongjiang. Imisebenzi yayo yebhizinisi ihlanganisa imisebenzi evunyelwe njengokuhlatshwa kwezingulube, ukuzalanisa izinkukhu nemfuyo, ukusatshalaliswa kokudla, kanye nokuthutha impahla yomgwaqo (ngaphandle kwezinto eziyingozi). Ibhizinisi elingumzali, okuyinkampani ezinze e-Shanghai yezimboni nohwebo nayo etholakala esiFundazweni sase-Songjiang, iyibhizinisi elizimele elisebenza ngokufuya izingulube. Iqondisa amapulazi ezingulube ezine ezinkulu, okwamanje igcina izingulube zokuzalanisa ezingaba ngu-5,000 ezinomthamo wonyaka wokuphuma wezingulube ezifika ku-100,000 ezilungele ukudayisa. Ukwengeza, inkampani isebenzisana namapulazi angama-50 emvelo ahlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezitshalo nokufuywa kwezilwane.

Amabhizinisi Okuhlatshwa Nenyama Engavuthiwe

Amanzi angcolile akhiqizwe ezindlini zokuhlatshwa kwezingulube aqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba. Uma ikhishwa ingelashiwe, ibeka engcupheni enkulu ezinhlelweni zasemanzini, inhlabathi, ikhwalithi yomoya, kanye nemvelo ebanzi. Imithelela eyinhloko kwezemvelo imi kanje:

1. Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi (umphumela osheshayo nonzima)
Amanzi angcolile esilaheni anothile ngezinto ezingcolile eziphilayo kanye nezakhamzimba. Lapho zidedelwa ngokuqondile emifuleni, emachibini, noma emachibini, izakhi zezinto eziphilayo—njengegazi, amafutha, indle nezinsalela zokudla—ziboliswa ama-microorganisms, inqubo edla inani elikhulu le-oxygen encibilikisiwe (DO). Ukuncipha kwe-DO kuholela ezimweni ze-anaerobic, okuholela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini njengezinhlanzi nezimfanzi ngenxa ye-hypoxia. Ukubola kwe-Anaerobic kukhiqiza amagesi anuka kabi—okuhlanganisa i-hydrogen sulfide, i-ammonia, ne-mercaptans—okubangela ukuguga kwamanzi kanye nephunga elibi, okwenza amanzi angasebenziseki nganoma iyiphi injongo.

Amanzi angcolile aqukethe namazinga aphezulu e-nitrogen (N) kanye ne-phosphorus (P). Lapho ingena emanzini, lezi zakhi zikhuthaza ukukhula ngokweqile kwe-algae ne-phytoplankton, okuholela ekuqhakazeni kwe-algal noma ama-red tide. Ukubola okulandelayo kolwelwe olufile kuphinde kuqede umoya-mpilo, kulimaze i-ecosystem yasemanzini. Amanzi e-Eutrophic ahlangabezana nekhwalithi ewohlokayo futhi angakufanelekeli ukuphuzwa, ukuniselwa, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcola kungase kuphathe amagciwane e-pathogenic—okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane, namaqanda ezinambuzane (isb., i-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella)—aphuma emathunjini ezilwane nasendle. Lawa magciwane angasakazeka ngokugeleza kwamanzi, angcolise imithombo yamanzi angaphansi komfula, akhulise ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo ze-zoonotic, futhi abeke impilo yomphakathi engozini.

2. Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi
Uma amanzi angcolile echithelwa emhlabathini ngokuqondile noma esetshenziselwa ukuchelela, okuqinile okumisiwe namafutha kungavala izimbotshana zomhlabathi, kuphazamise ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kunciphise ukungena kwamanzi, futhi kuphazamise ukukhula kwezimpande. Ukuba khona kwezibulala-magciwane, okokuhlanza, nezinsimbi ezisindayo (isb., ithusi ne-zinc) okuvela ekudleni kwezilwane kungase kunqwabelene emhlabathini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuguqule izici zayo ze-physicochemical, kubangele ukugcwala kukasawoti noma ubuthi, futhi kwenze umhlaba ungafaneleki ukulima. I-nitrogen ne-phosphorus eyeqile ngaphezu komthamo wokumuncwa kwezitshalo kungaholela ekulimaleni kwezitshalo ("ukushiswa kukamanyolo") futhi kungase kungene emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kube nobungozi bokungcoliswa.

3. Ukunukubezeka komoya
Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-anaerobic, ukubola kwamanzi angcolile kukhiqiza amagesi ayingozi nayingozi njenge-hydrogen sulfide (H₂S, ebonakala ngephunga leqanda elibolile), i-ammonia (NH₃), ama-amine, nama-mercaptans. Lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi akugcini nje ngokudala iphunga elibi elithinta imiphakathi eseduze kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi zempilo; ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-H₂S kunobuthi futhi kungabulala. Ukwengeza, i-methane (CH₄), igesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla enamandla okufudumala kwembulunga yonke izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amabili kune-carbon dioxide, ikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya kwe-anaerobic, okunomthelela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu.

E-China, ukuchithwa kwamanzi angcolile esilaheni kulawulwa ngaphansi kohlelo lwezimvume oludinga ukuthotshelwa kwemikhawulo egunyaziwe yokukhipha amanzi. Izinsiza kufanele zihambisane ngokuqinile nemithetho Yemvume Yokukhipha Okungcolile futhi zihlangabezane nezimfuneko "Zezinga Lokukhipha Okungcolisa Amanzi Embonini Yokucubungula Inyama" (GB 13457-92), kanye nanoma yiziphi izindinganiso zendawo ezisebenzayo ezingaba ziqine kakhulu.

Ukuthobelana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa kuhlolwa ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwemingcele emihlanu ebalulekile: isidingo sekhemikhali komoyampilo (COD), i-ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), ingqikithi ye-phosphorus (TP), isamba se-nitrogen (TN), ne-pH. Lezi zinkomba zisebenza njengezilinganiso zokusebenza zokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinqubo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile-okuhlanganisa ukuchithwa, ukuhlukaniswa kukawoyela, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, ukukhishwa kwezakhi, kanye nokubulala amagciwane-okuvumela ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchithwa kokungcola okuzinzile nokuthobelayo.

- Isidingo Se-Chemical Oxygen (COD):I-COD ikala inani eliphelele le-oxidizable organic matter emanzini. Amanani aphezulu e-COD abonisa ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Amanzi angcolile e-slaughterhouse, aqukethe igazi, amafutha, amaprotheni, ne-fecal matter, ngokuvamile abonisa ukugxila kwe-COD kusuka ku-2,000 kuya ku-8,000 mg/L noma ngaphezulu. Ukuqapha i-COD kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kahle kokususwa komthwalo wezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuhlanza amanzi angcolile lusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo endaweni.

I-Ammonia Nitrogen (NH₃-N): Le parameter ibonisa ukugcwala kwe-ammonia yamahhala (NH₃) nama-ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) emanzini. I-nitrification ye-ammonia idla umoya-mpilo obalulekile oncibilikisiwe futhi kungaholela ekuncipheni komoyampilo. I-ammonia yamahhala inobuthi obuphezulu empilweni yasemanzini ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi. Ukwengeza, i-ammonia isebenza njengomthombo wezakhi zokukhula kwama-algal, okunomthelela eutrophication. Isuka ekuqhekekeni komchamo, indle, namaprotheni emanzini angcolile esilaha. Ukuqapha i-NH₃-N kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo ze-nitrification ne-denitrification futhi kunciphisa ubungozi bemvelo nempilo.

- Isamba seNitrojeni (TN) neTotal Phosphorus (TP):I-TN imele isamba sazo zonke izinhlobo ze-nitrogen (i-ammonia, i-nitrate, i-nitrite, i-nitrogen ephilayo), kuyilapho i-TP ihlanganisa zonke izinhlanganisela ze-phosphorus. Zombili zingabashayeli abayinhloko be-eutrophication. Lapho echithelwa emanzini ahamba kancane njengamachibi, amachibi namachweba, ukungcola okucebile nge-nitrogen ne-phosphorus kubangela ukukhula kolwelwe oluqhumayo—okufana nokuvundisa imithombo yamanzi—okuholela ekuqhakazeni ulwelwe. Imithetho yesimanje yamanzi angcolile ibeka imikhawulo eqinile ekukhishweni kwe-TN ne-TP. Ukwengamela le mingcele kuhlola ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokususwa kwezakhi futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesistimu yemvelo.

- Inani le-pH:I-pH ikhombisa i-acidity noma i-alkalinity yamanzi. Izinto eziningi eziphila emanzini ziphila phakathi kwebanga elincane le-pH (imvamisa engu-6–9). Ukungcola okune-asidi ngokweqile noma okune-alkaline kungalimaza ukuphila kwasemanzini futhi kuphazamise ibhalansi yemvelo. Ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, ukugcinwa kwe-pH efanele kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwebhayoloji. Ukuqapha kwe-pH okuqhubekayo kusekela ukuzinza kwenqubo nokuhambisana nokulawula.

Le nkampani ifake amathuluzi okuqapha aku-inthanethi alandelayo avela ku-Boqu Instruments endaweni yayo enkulu yokukhishwa:
- CODG-3000 Online Automatic Chemical Oxygen Demand Monitor
- NHNG-3010 Ammonia Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor
- TPG-3030 Total Phosphorus Online Automatic Analyzer
- TNG-3020 Isamba seNitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer
- PHG-2091 pH I-Online Automatic Analyzer

I-Amoniya Nitrogen Online Automatic Monitor

Ingqikithi Ye-Phosphorus Nitrogen Online Automatic Analyzer

Lezi zihlaziyi zinika amandla ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-COD, i-ammonia nitrogen, ingqikithi ye-phosphorus, ingqikithi ye-nitrogen, namazinga e-pH emanzini angcolile. Le datha isiza ukuhlolwa kokungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhi, ukuhlolwa kwezingozi zemvelo nezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namasu okwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokwelashwa, ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, umthelela oncishisiwe wemvelo, kanye nokuhambisana okungaguquguquki kwemithetho kazwelonke neyendawo yendawo.